What is the purpose of a current transformer?

The purpose of a current transformer is to transform high currents to lower, measurable levels. In electrical systems, particularly in substations and industrial applications, monitoring and measuring high currents directly can be cumbersome and unsafe. Current transformers allow for the safe measurement of these high currents by producing a lower current that is proportional to the high primary current. This lower, transformed current can then be easily measured by instrumentation like ammeters or can be used for protective relay systems.

Current transformers operate by utilizing electromagnetic induction. When a high current flows through the primary winding (the conductor), it induces a proportionately lower current in the secondary winding, allowing for effective monitoring and protection without the need for direct contact with high current levels. The secondary output is safe for devices such as meters and protection relays, which are designed to operate at much lower currents.

Understanding current transformers is crucial for substation electricians, as they help in ensuring the safety and efficiency of electrical systems by enabling accurate measurement and control of high currents.