What is the purpose of a transformer in a substation?

The primary purpose of a transformer in a substation is to change voltage levels. Transformers play a critical role in electrical power distribution by stepping up (increasing) or stepping down (decreasing) voltage as needed to ensure efficient power transmission over long distances.

High voltage is used for transmission to minimize losses, while lower voltages are required for safe distribution to homes and businesses. By adjusting these voltage levels, transformers help maintain the system's efficiency and reliability.

In contrast, generating high voltage is typically the role of generators, and storing energy is managed by systems like batteries or capacitors rather than transformers. Regulating temperature does not pertain to the function of transformers; this is usually managed by other equipment such as cooling systems within substations. Thus, the function of changing voltage levels is essential for the effective delivery of electric power throughout the grid.