What distinguishes an AC substation from a DC substation?

AC substations are designed to handle alternating current (AC), which is the standard form of electrical power used in most transmission and distribution systems. This type of power alternates in direction and is generated by sources such as power plants. AC substations perform essential functions like voltage transformation, switching, and distribution to ensure that electricity reaches consumers efficiently and safely.

In contrast, DC substations are specifically tailored for systems that utilize direct current (DC), where the electric charge flows consistently in one direction. These are often used in specialized applications such as high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems or in certain renewable energy sources, like solar power installations.

This distinction between AC and DC substations is crucial because it influences how power is managed, the equipment used, and the overall design of the substation. Components such as transformers, circuit breakers, and switchgear may differ significantly between AC and DC systems, highlighting the importance of understanding the specific technologies and methodologies applicable to each type of substation.