How does an overcurrent relay protect electrical systems?

An overcurrent relay is a protective device that plays a critical role in safeguarding electrical systems. It functions by monitoring the current flowing through a circuit. When the current exceeds a predetermined threshold, which is set based on the safe operating limits of the electrical equipment, the relay activates a mechanism to trip the circuit. This tripping action serves to disconnect the power source, thereby preventing potential damage to the equipment, reducing the risk of fires, and ensuring safety for personnel.

The action of tripping the circuit helps to prevent overheating of wires and components, which can occur during overcurrent conditions. This type of relay is essential in providing a fast response to fault conditions, ensuring that protective measures are taken to maintain the integrity and reliability of the electrical system. Therefore, it is focused solely on responding to excessive current levels rather than altering voltage or current flow through other means, which makes it a vital tool in electrical protection schemes.